In India, several laws address cyber frauds, including those that occur without OTPs:

• Information Technology Act, 2000: Provides legal recognition to electronic transactions and penalizes cybercrimes.
  

Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023 

• Section 316 – Cheating. )
• Section 318 – Identity theft and related offenses .

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Guidelines: Mandate security measures for banks to protect against digital frauds.